Startup mappings
The smmuman configuration can be used to create DMA device to memory region mappings and permissions that the smmuman service reads in when it starts up.
Startup mappings, or client-side API?
When you use the smmuman client-side API to manage DMA device memory mappings and permissions, the smmuman clients (e.g., drivers and other processes) communicate directly with the smmuman service. When you use the smmuman configuration to specify DMA device memory mappings and permissions, you are setting up indirect communication between the DMA device drivers and the smmuman service. Neither the drivers nor the service know about each other. You need to provide the information they require to work together indirectly, through the smmuman configuration, and the startup for each process that will become a smmuman client (e.g., DMA device driver startup).
Depending on the needs of your system, you may want or need to use mappings configured at startup for all the DMA devices and their mapped memory regions on your system, and never use the client-side API.
You may also include in the startup mappings only devices needed immediately at startup, leaving the rest to be added later through the smmuman client-side API, as needed, by DMA device drivers and other processes.
If you are using a legacy DMA device driver (i.e., a driver that pre-dates smmuman and hence doesn't use the smmuman client-side API), you must use the smmuman configuration to create DMA device to memory region mappings and permissions when the smmuman service starts.
Typed memory support
To create the mappings in your smmuman configuration you
use typed memory, because typed memory regions can be named. The
smmuman configuration uses these names to map memory regions
to devices. Thus, your DMA device driver must have an option that allows you to
specify typed memory. These options differ from driver to driver (see Starting the drivers
for some examples).
If the driver doesn't have such an option, you need to modify the driver. If this is
the case, then unless you have a compelling reason not to do so, you should modify
the driver to use the smmuman client-side API and use this API to
manage your DMA device memory mappings and permissions (see Mapping DMA devices and memory regions through the API
in this chapter).
For more information about typed memory, see Typed Memory
in the
QNX OS System Architecture guide.
Tasks
Configuring the smmuman service
- the typed memory regions needed for each device, specifying each region's name (allow_name)
- the devices, specifying by name (allow_name) the memory region to which the device should be mapped
For example:
debug 2
smmu vtd require
allow smbs0 $asinfo_start{smbs0},$asinfo_length{smbs0},st
allow xhci $asinfo_start{xhci},$asinfo_length{xhci},st
allow hsu0 $asinfo_start{hsu0},$asinfo_length{hsu0},st
allow hsu1 $asinfo_start{hsu1},$asinfo_length{hsu1},st
allow hsu2 $asinfo_start{hsu2},$asinfo_length{hsu2},st
allow ieheci0 $asinfo_start{ieheci0},$asinfo_length{ieheci0},st
allow sdhci $asinfo_start{sdhci},$asinfo_length{sdhci},st
allow ix $asinfo_start{ix},$asinfo_length{ix},st
device pci:0:18.0 smbs0
device pci:0:21.0 xhci
device pci:0:26.0 hsu0
device pci:0:26.1 hsu1
device pci:0:26.2 hsu2
device pci:0:27.0 ieheci0
device pci:0:28.0 sdhci
device pci:2:00.1 ix
device pci:2:00.0 ixNote that the allow option's first argument is
allow_name, and that the device option uses this
name to associate the device with a memory region. In the example above, one mapping
(hsu0) is in bold.
The example uses textual substitutions and places the configuration values in the
system page tables (see Textual substitutions
in this chapter). For more information about how to manage permissions,
see the allow and
device options
under Global options
in this chapter.
Setting aside the typed memory regions at system startup
Configuring the smmuman serviceabove:
### Startup suitable for use with SMMUMAN (with smbus, hsu, IE heci and ethernet)
startup-foo -vv -T \
-R64K,4K,smbs0 -R8K,4K,hsu0 -R8K,4K,hsu1 -R8K,4K,hsu2 -R128K,4K,ieheci0 -R16M,4K,ix\
-f1700M,1700000000Note that each instance of the -R option specifies the size of the memory region, its alignment, and a name. This name is the name used in the smmuman configuration to identify each memory region. In the startup configuration above, the memory region identified in bold is the region similarly identified in the smmuman configuration.
Startup Programsin Building Embedded Systems. For more information about the -R startup option, see
startup-* optionsin the Utilities Reference.
Starting the drivers
Finally, after you have specified the DMA device to typed memory mappings in the smmuman configuration, and reserved the typed memory regions in the startup program, you need to start each device driver, specifying by name the typed memory region it has been assigned.
Below are some examples. Notice that the options for specifying the named memory region differ from device to device. In each example the option and the typed memory region name are shown in bold; the name corresponds to a region specified in the startup program and by the smmuman configuration allow option's allow_name argument.
System manager bus driver
io-smb -v -t smbs0 -M worker -i addr=0x46,fifo=5 -c 0x45 -a 0x44Serial driver
devc-serhsu vid=0x8086,did=0x19d8,pci=0,dma=hsu0 -u 1 -e -b115200Networking stack and ix driver
io-sock -o config=/etc/iosock.conf -m pci -d ixMake sure that /etc/iosock.conf has the following entry:
qnx.typed_mem="ix"eMMC driver
devb-sdmmc blk cache=1m cam bounce=128K mem name=sdhciUSB and USB mass storage drivers
io-usb-otg -t memory=xhci -d xhci pindex=0,memory=xhci &
waitfor /dev/usb/io-usb-otg
devb-umass cam pnp bounce=128k mem name=xhci blk memory=xhci &