Create or access a named semaphore
Synopsis:
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
sem_t * sem_open( const char * sem_name,
int oflags,
... );
Arguments:
- sem_name
- The name of the semaphore that you want to create or access; see below.
- oflags
- Flags that affect how the function creates a new semaphore.
This argument is a combination of:
Note:
Don't set oflags to O_RDONLY,
O_RDWR, or O_WRONLY.
According to POSIX, a semaphore's behavior is undefined with these flags.
The QNX Neutrino libraries silently ignore these options, but they may reduce your
code's portability.
For more information, see below.
If you set O_CREAT in oflags, you must also
pass the following arguments:
- mode_t mode
- The semaphore's mode (just like file modes).
For portability, you should set the read, write,
and execute bits to the same value.
An easy way of doing this is to use the constants from
<sys/stat.h>:
- S_IRWXG for group access.
- S_IRWXO for other's access.
- S_IRWXU for your own access.
For more information, see the entry for
struct stat.
- unsigned int value
- The initial value of the semaphore.
A positive value (i.e., greater than zero) indicates an unlocked
semaphore, and a value of 0 (zero) indicates a locked semaphore.
This value must not exceed SEM_VALUE_MAX.
Library:
libc
Use the -l c option to
qcc
to link against this library.
This library is usually included automatically.
Description:
The sem_open() function creates or accesses a named semaphore.
Named semaphores are slower than the unnamed semaphores created with
sem_init().
Semaphores persist as long as the system is up.
Note:
If you want to use named semaphores, the named-semaphore manager must be running.
Starting with release 6.3.0,
procnto
manages named semaphores directly, which
mqueue
used to do (and still does, if it detects that
procnto
isn't doing so).
The sem_open() function returns a semaphore descriptor that
you can use with
sem_wait(),
sem_trywait(),
and
sem_post().
You can use it until you call
sem_close().
You can unlink the semaphore by calling
sem_unlink();
when all processes have unlinked the semaphore, it's destroyed.
Named semaphores are always created under /dev/sem:
- If the name argument starts with a slash, the semaphore
is given that name.
- If the name argument
doesn't begin with a slash character, the semaphore is given that name,
prepended with the current working directory.
In either case, slash characters other than the leading slash character aren't
interpreted, and the specified name, including these slash characters, is used
to identify the semaphore.
In other words, additional slashes don't create a directory structure under
/dev/sem.
For example, if your current directory is /tmp:
name |
Pathname space entry |
/my_sem |
/dev/sem/my_sem |
my_sem |
/dev/sem/tmp/my_sem |
Note:
If you want to create or access a semaphore on another node,
specify the name as
/net/node/sem_location.
The oflags argument is used only for semaphore creation.
When creating a new semaphore, you can set
oflags to O_CREAT or
(O_CREAT|O_EXCL):
- O_CREAT
- Create a new named semaphore.
If you set this bit, you must provide the mode and
value arguments to sem_open().
- O_EXCL
- When you're creating a new named semaphore,
O_EXCL causes sem_open() to fail if a semaphore with
sem_name already exists.
Without O_EXCL, sem_open() attaches to an existing semaphore
or creates a new one if sem_name doesn't exist.
CAUTION:
Don't mix named semaphore operations
(sem_open() and sem_close())
with unnamed semaphore operations
(sem_init() and sem_destroy())
on the same semaphore.
Returns:
A pointer to the created or accessed semaphore,
or SEM_FAILED for failure
(errno is set).
Errors:
- EACCES
- Either the named semaphore exists and you don't have permission to access it,
or you're trying to create a new semaphore and you don't have permission.
- EEXIST
- You specified O_CREAT and O_EXCL in oflags,
but the semaphore already exists.
- EINTR
- The call was interrupted by a signal.
- EINVAL
- The sem_name argument is invalid or, when you're creating a semaphore,
value is greater than SEM_VALUE_MAX.
- ELOOP
- Too many levels of symbolic links or prefixes.
- EMFILE
- The process is using too many files or semaphores.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- The sem_name argument is longer than (NAME_MAX - 8).
- ENFILE
- The system ran out of resources and couldn't open the semaphore.
- ENOENT
- Either the manager for named semaphores
(mqueue,
if
procnto
isn't managing them)
isn't running, or the sem_name argument doesn't exist
and you didn't specify O_CREAT in oflags.
- ENOMEM
- There isn't enough memory to create the new named semaphore.
- ENOSPC
- There's insufficient space on a storage device to create the new named semaphore.
- ENOSYS
- The sem_open() function isn't implemented for the filesystem specified in
sem_name.
Classification:
POSIX 1003.1
Safety: |
|
Cancellation point |
No |
Interrupt handler |
No |
Signal handler |
No |
Thread |
Yes |